A planting of Carex sedges spreads along the ground under a pagoda and a dwarf Japanese maple on sunny day in February at Queen Elizabeth Park, Vancouver, BC.
Garden Chores for February
Fresh snow on the unopened flower buds of a lily-of-the-valley shrub (Pieris japonica) is a sign of the times.
In This Issue
This weathered pot with an upright yew and reddened barronwort (Epimedium), is still looking good in February at Vancouver's VanDusen Botanical Gardens.
New: Cloches - Garden Classes in Langley - Control Bugs & Diseases Now
Seed Starting Success - Sowing Seeds Outdoors - Taking Cuttings
Winter Pruning - Learn How to Prune in Your Garden
YouTube Video: How to Prune Grapes - You Tube Video: How to Divide Dahlias
When to Plant - Cold As Ice - Lawn Care
Geraniums, Houseplants & Overwintered Tropicals - Dahlias - Tuberous Begonias
Weeds & Horsetails - Dead Plants? - Taking Cuttings - Birds & Hummers
Cleaning Garden Tools - Easy New & Bigger Beds - Preparing Gardens to Plant
February Flower Arrangement - Plant of the Month: winter daphne
Seed Starting Success - Sowing Seeds Outdoors - Taking Cuttings
Winter Pruning - Learn How to Prune in Your Garden
YouTube Video: How to Prune Grapes - You Tube Video: How to Divide Dahlias
When to Plant - Cold As Ice - Lawn Care
Geraniums, Houseplants & Overwintered Tropicals - Dahlias - Tuberous Begonias
Weeds & Horsetails - Dead Plants? - Taking Cuttings - Birds & Hummers
Cleaning Garden Tools - Easy New & Bigger Beds - Preparing Gardens to Plant
February Flower Arrangement - Plant of the Month: winter daphne
Fellow Gardeners..
Fellow Gardeners
January's positively balmy weather has me shaking in my garden boots, not from the cold, but from fear of what may come. Last month’s double-digit warm weather broke records throughout most of Canada, not just here in BC. People rejoiced throughout the land as they tossed their winter coats and replaced them with raincoats and wellies. There’s nothing like warm weather in January to make me nervous. It's just too warm. Some plants are responding by sprouting new growth and flowers. They'll suffer if temperatures plummet. Luckily, our seasonal cool and wet weather is supposed to return, with snow in the mountains. Despite what is going on outside, it's time to sow seed inside. Every February I give up precious kitchen counter space so I can keep my eye on my precious little greens darlings. In the meantime, I'm keeping my winter woolies close at hand just in case Old Man Winter is not done with us. Have a great month and may the weather be less weird. Cheers, Amanda 
A garden consultation is the perfect gift. Click on the pic for more.
Get the perfect gift for gardeners and non-gardeners alike with a gift certificate for a personal garden consultation. Get your gardening questions answered including maintenance, design, trouble shooting, plant ID, lawns and veggie gardening. A $200.00 value. Serving Metro Vancouver. Click here to fill out the form.
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Gardening Classes in Langley
Learn how to prune.
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Lawn care.
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Prepare for spring.
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Grow food organically.
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Location: Credo Christian High School 21846 52 Ave Langley.
Click on the coloured links below or the pics above to be redirected to the Fraser Valley Continuing Education website.
Pruning the Right Way: Theory in the morning, practicum outside in the afternoon. Select either Feb 3 OR Feb 10, 9:30 am to 4:00 pm, $59.99. Bring a lunch!
Lawn Care: Learn the secrets of a healthy lawn that resists lawn grubs, correct maintenance and how to repair and install new ones. March 9, 9:30 am to 12:00 pm, $29.99.
Grow Your Own Food: From sowing seeds indoors to planting outdoors, learn how to grow healthy and productive crops without the use of synthetic products. April 6, 9:30 am to 3:30 pm, $59.99. Bring a lunch!
Preparing for Spring: There's lots to do in the garden, learn where to start and what to do. Planting, organic pest control, tree care and other gardening techniques and methods will be covered. Mar 9 2024, 1:00 pm to 3:30 pm, $29.99.
Click on the coloured links below or the pics above to be redirected to the Fraser Valley Continuing Education website.
Pruning the Right Way: Theory in the morning, practicum outside in the afternoon. Select either Feb 3 OR Feb 10, 9:30 am to 4:00 pm, $59.99. Bring a lunch!
Lawn Care: Learn the secrets of a healthy lawn that resists lawn grubs, correct maintenance and how to repair and install new ones. March 9, 9:30 am to 12:00 pm, $29.99.
Grow Your Own Food: From sowing seeds indoors to planting outdoors, learn how to grow healthy and productive crops without the use of synthetic products. April 6, 9:30 am to 3:30 pm, $59.99. Bring a lunch!
Preparing for Spring: There's lots to do in the garden, learn where to start and what to do. Planting, organic pest control, tree care and other gardening techniques and methods will be covered. Mar 9 2024, 1:00 pm to 3:30 pm, $29.99.
February Garden Stars
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Chinese witch hazel, Hamamelis mollis, 10 - 15ft tall & wide, fragrant blooms Jan to March, sun to part shade. Zones 5 to 8. Click on the pic for more info.
Squill, Scilla mischtschenkoana, spring bulb, flowers Feb – March, summer dormancy, 6 inches, sun to part shade, naturalizes. Zones 4 to 8.
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Dawn viburnum, V. x bodnantense 'Dawn', deciduous shrub, 8 to 10ft x 4 to 6ft, full sun, part shade. Zones 5 to 7. Click on the pic for more.
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Buttercup winter hazel, Corylopsis pauciflora, deciduous shrub, 4 -6', fragrant, full sun to part shade. Zones 6 to 8. Click on the pic for more.
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Winter aconite, Eranthis hyemalis, spring bulb, 6", plant in fall, sun to part shade. Zones 3 to 7.
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Oregon grape holly, Mahonia aquifolium, broadleaf evergreen, 3-6 ft x 2 ft, yellow spring flowers, red fall foliage, sun, part shade. Zones 5 to 9. Click on pic for more.
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Strawberry tree, Arbutus unedo 'Compacta', broadleaf evergreen, 10’-20’ tall & wide, fragrant flowers Oct to Dec, fruit resembles strawberries. Zones 7 to 9. Click on the pic for more.
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Spring starflower, Ipheion uniflorum, 6 to 8 inches, spring flowering bulb, sun to part shade, fragrant blooms & foliage, summer dormancy, naturalizes. Zones 5 to 9
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Winter heath, Erica carnea, 1' x 2', blooms from Dec to April, sun to light shade, broadleaf evergreen, ground cover, Zones 5 to 8. Click on the pic for more.
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Dutch crocus, Crocus vernus, low growing spring flowering corm in Feb, March, sun to part shade. Zones 3 to 8.
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Rainbow dog hobble, Leucothoe fontanesiana 'Rainbow', broadleaf evergreen, 3-5' x 1.5', part sun, May flowers. Zones 5 to 9. Click on the pic for more.
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Himalayan sweetbox, Sarcococca hookeriana var. humilis, broadleaf evergreen, 2-5' x 2-6', part shade to shade, fragrant flowers, black berries. Zones 6 to 8. Click on the pic for more.
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Wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens, broadleaf evergreen groundcover, 6” x 1’, white blooms June to July, red berries fall to winter, part shade to shade. Zones 3 to 8. Click on pic for more.
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Japanese skimmia, S. japonica, broadleaf evergreen, 3-4' x 4-5'. Fragrant flowers winter, spring. Female plants bear red berries. Part to full shade. Zones 6 to 8. Click on pic for more.
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February Garden Chores
Click on any green items below to be redirected.
Chinese witch hazels bear fragrant blossoms that flower during winter and early spring. To learn more click on the pic.
It’s only February so most of the northern hemisphere is still under winter’s spell. Garden beds are either covered in snow, frozen or resemble mud pits. It all depends on where you live. Consider the current conditions when undertaking the following tasks. Some may have to wait until it gets warmer and drier, while it maybe too late for some. It all depends on the weather and where you live.
Have a walk in the garden just to make sure everything is okay.
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Release bulbs caught up in leafy mulch.
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Slugs & snails feast on plant's new growth. Click on pic for more.
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This snow smashed globe cedar needs some TLC.
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Walk the Garden: Despite the earliness of the year, the garden still needs you. Help plants that have been broken and crushed with the weight of snow and unblock drains to relieve flooding. Firm soil around plants and spring bulbs that have heaved themselves out of the soil due to fluctuating temperatures. It's a common springtime issue on gardens that aren't mulched.
Look for seed racks in grocery, hardware, dollar and garden stores.
To learn how to grow tomatoes from seed click on the picture.
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Send for seed catalogues asap.
Seed starting kits come with cell packs, a tray and a clear cover.
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Seed packets tell you when and how to sow the seeds.
A seedling has succumbed to damping off. Click on the pic to learn how to prevent this fungi.
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Sowing seeds indoors: Now is the time to sow frost tender and slow growing plants inside such as tomatoes and petunias. This gives them time to be ready to plant outside after the danger of frost has passed. Personally, I also like to sow lettuce and other cold hardy crops indoors. It gives them a head start so they won’t rot outside and are safe from slugs and snails. For tips, tricks and techniques on indoor seeding click here.
Check the soil temperature before planting seeds outside.
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Avoid planting when the soil is saturated.
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When conditions are right, sow peas and other cool crops outside.
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Sowing seeds outside: Tempting as it may be to sow seeds outdoors, think again if the ground is still too cold and wet. Peas and other cool crops need a soil temp no lower than 4°C (40°F) with a minimum air temperature of 15°C (60°). For more information on direct seeding outdoors, click here.
Dormant oil kits are used to control overwintering insects & diseases. Click on pic for more.
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A dormant oil lime sulfur mix is already to spray.
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Spray on leafless trees & shrubs and the surrounding soil.
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Reduce overwintering insects and diseases including dogwood anthracnose.
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Protecting trees & shrubs from bugs and diseases: If deciduous (leafless) trees & shrubs have not produced any new growth use the combination spray of dormant oil and lime sulfur. This is an effective and organic method that kills overwintering pests and diseases but can only be used when plants are still dormant. To learn how and when to use it click on Dormant Oil/Lime Sulfur.
Cutting back or off all the branches from a tree is the wrong way to prune a tree.
Remove stems by cutting them off at the branch ridge.
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Remove suckers where they attach to the tree.
Remove all broken branches.
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Don't leave stubs. Cut just above the branch ridge.
Remove branches that cross & rub.
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Pruning: Remove dead, diseased and broken branches as well as all suckers and watersprouts. Look for branches that grow towards the centre of the plant and remove them. Cut off stems that cross and rub each other. ones that cross each other. Reduce the length of overly long branches by cutting them back to a side branch.
Wisterias, Grapes & Apples: To promote more flowers on wisterias and fruits on grape vines and apple trees, cut back side shoots to a couple of buds. For more information on how click on Winter Pruning.
Spring Bloomers: Don’t prune spring flowering trees and shrubs as you will remove their flowers.
Topping Trees: Don’t cut back or remove all the branches from trees as that’s mutilation, not pruning.
A Timely Tip: Avoid pruning trees and shrubs once they have leafed out as it sets them back.
For more click on Pruning 101 - Winter Pruning - Pruning Clematis - Pruning Grapes - Pruning Roses - Pruning Tools
Wisterias, Grapes & Apples: To promote more flowers on wisterias and fruits on grape vines and apple trees, cut back side shoots to a couple of buds. For more information on how click on Winter Pruning.
Spring Bloomers: Don’t prune spring flowering trees and shrubs as you will remove their flowers.
Topping Trees: Don’t cut back or remove all the branches from trees as that’s mutilation, not pruning.
A Timely Tip: Avoid pruning trees and shrubs once they have leafed out as it sets them back.
For more click on Pruning 101 - Winter Pruning - Pruning Clematis - Pruning Grapes - Pruning Roses - Pruning Tools
Surrounded by hardscaping, it's no wonder this hedge is suffering from salt damage.
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Mulched paths don't need to be salted.
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Salt de-icers are harmful to pets little paws ---awww.
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Cold as Ice: Salt used to de-ice sidewalks and driveways erodes concrete, kills plants, contaminates soil and hurts pet’s paws. Use safe alternatives such as Epsom salts, coffee grounds, sand, potting soil, an organic mulch, kitty litter as well as manufactured de-icer alternatives.
It's been a long winter for this pink firecracker geranium.
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Cut out all dead and dying stems.
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All cut back and raring to grow.
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Gently loosen roots before transplanting into a larger pot.
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It didn't take long for this firecracker geranium to recover.
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Geraniums, coleus, fuchsias, tropicals & overwintered tender plants: Unless they have been under grow lights, most indoor plants, including overwintered geraniums and tropical hibiscus, will be looking pretty sad by now. Even robust ones grown under lights need to be tidied up and refreshed so they have the resources to be healthy.
New growth appears naturally as plants respond to the longer days and shorter nights. To make plants more compact and fuller, cut back all stems by half. Repot pot bound plants into larger containers. For ones that don’t need to be potted on, remove debris from the soil surface then top up with some fresh potting soil or compost. Feed all plants with a slow release granular fertilizer such as 10-10-10. For more details click here.
New growth appears naturally as plants respond to the longer days and shorter nights. To make plants more compact and fuller, cut back all stems by half. Repot pot bound plants into larger containers. For ones that don’t need to be potted on, remove debris from the soil surface then top up with some fresh potting soil or compost. Feed all plants with a slow release granular fertilizer such as 10-10-10. For more details click here.
It's time to prepare dahlias for planting.
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A healthy dahlia needs to be divided.
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To learn how to divide dahlias, click on the pic for a short video.
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New buds appear atop the tubers.
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Remove any diseased and dead tubers.
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Dust cuts with cinnamon to prevent rotting.
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Protect potted dahlias from temps below 4°C (40°F).
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Dahlias: Check your stored dahlias and remove any rotten ones and soak dried ones overnight. Depending on how far they’ve dried out, they may or may not plump up. Discard any that don’t. Pot them up now to get a jump on spring and to speed up flowering. To learn more about growing dahlias, the different flower types, staking, how to store them over winter, check out the article on Dahlias. For a video on how to divide dahlias, click on Dividing Dahlias.
The larger the begonia tuber is, the bigger the flowers & plant.
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A healthy begonia tuber.
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Tiny buds indicate it's alive.
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Don't bury the tuber, just lightly cover it with soil.
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Tuberous Begonias: Inspect the tubers and discard any that are rotten or dried out and shriveled. Pot them up with fresh potting soil and place in a sunny window. For more details click here.
Keep off frozen grass.
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Click on pic for a lawn maintenance schedule for healthy turf.
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Deter & control chinch bugs. Click on pic for more.
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Wait to renovate lawns until the conditions are right.
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Install new lawns as long as the soil isn't dripping wet. Click on the pic for more.
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Lawns: There’s no rush getting the lawn ready for the growing year. Grass doesn’t start to grow until the soil warms to 10°C (50°F). So, wait to fertilize, seed, sod and repair existing lawns until conditions improve. Note it’s too early for high nitrogen fertilizers. For more info click on Lawn Grub Control - Spring Lawn Care - Lawn Maintenance Schedule - Lawn Reno, Seed & Sod - Moss in Lawns - Lawn Alternatives
Roses: remove mounded soil or mulch once buds appear on stems.
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Roses: wait until March when forsythias bloom to prune. Click on the pic for more.
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Winter Mulch: Gradually remove winter mulch as temperatures warm and plants start to grow.
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Pull out lawn weeds with long handles weeding tools.
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Pull bindweeds (wild morning glories) as soon as they emerge.
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Pull up horsetails as they emerge throughout the year.
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Pull up horsetails as digging them spreads them even further.
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Weeds: If they are not hiding under the snow, go get ‘em before they multiply. This is especially important when horsetail and bindweed have invaded your garden. Yank them out as soon as they poke their heads out of the soil. Don’t dig them out, pull them as digging them up spreads them even more – argh. For more click on Horsetails.
Corn gluten kills seeds as they germinate.
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Corn gluten is organic and as a touch of nitrogen.
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Don't apply corn gluten where seeds have been sown.
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Kill Weed Seeds: Apply corn gluten to lawns and garden beds to kill germinating weed seeds. It’s organic and adds a touch of nitrogen at the same time. Don’t apply it to any area where desirable seeds have been sown.
This lithodora looks dead, but the green sprouts indicates otherwise.
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The same lithodora after a couple of years.
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Dead Plants: Wait to remove plants that look dead as they may not be. Although the top of the plant looks dead, their roots are often alive. Although it is tempting to cut them back now, wait until April as the dead growth protects plants from further freezing. Note that plants with just a bit of green growth are alive. They’re probably not happy, but they are alive.
When making cuttings, cut just below a node and remove all lower stems & foliage.
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Rosemary cuttings have taken and are ready to pot on.
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Make cuttings from the stems removed from of overwintered geraniums.
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Cuttings: It’s the end of the season for taking hardwood cuttings. If you want to make clones of your favorite trees and shrubs, do so now. Click here more information on how to do it.
Clean out bird houses so they are ready for the new spring tenants.
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Use an upturned funnel to deter squirrels from bird feeders.
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Birds need bird feeders to get them through the winter.
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Hummingbirds depend on feeders this time of year. Click on the pic for more.
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Birds & Hummingbirds: As winter limps into spring, resources for our fine feathered friends have dwindled. Winter is not quite over so providing them with food is a kindness that rescues birds when they need it the most. Before filling up feeders, check to make sure they are mould free. If not, give them a thorough cleaning before restocking them. The same thing goes for hummingbird feeders. For more information on hummingbirds click here.
Critters: A hungry rabbit has nibbled on theses tulip leaves. Click on the pic to learn how to protect the garden.
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Protect plants from deer feeding on plants. Click on the pic for more.
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Gutters, Drains & Catch Basins: To prevent puddles and flooding, remove any debris so water drains freely.
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Clean & sharpen your pruning gear. Click on the pic for more on pruning tools.
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Clean the mower deck of grass and sharpen the blades.
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Greenhouses: Give them a good cleaning and disinfect surfaces.
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There's no need to remove the grass when making a new garden.
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The new bed was quite productive even in its first year.
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New Beds & Bigger Beds: If your garden is too small or you need a brand new garden but it's too much work and you don't want to dig up the lawn, there's an easy, no-dig method called lasagna gardening. A more accurate term in 'sheet mulching'. To learn how click on Sheet Mulching, Lasagna Gardening.
Successful veggie gardens combine many crops and flowers.
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A plan is an essential tool for growing veggies.
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Companion planting is the best & easiest way of growing food.
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Veggie Garden Planning: Rotate crops into different beds this year from last year to prevent the spread of diseases and insects. Combine different crops with companion planting, which promotes plant health. For more on veggie gardening click on Growing Food - Spring Veggie Gardening - Crop Rotation, Succession & Companion Planting
A soil test is a valuable tool, especially when plants fail to flourish.
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Compost is the best soil additive. To learn more click on the pic.
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Compost tea is benefits plants and soil. Click on pic to learn how to make it.
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Wait to plant if the soil is dripping wet.
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Rake in organic soil amendments such as glacial rock dust.
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Compost is available at garden centres and home hardware stores.
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Aged manure is a great source of organic matter as well as nutrients.
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Well rotted sheep manure improves soils.
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SeaSoil is a beneficial organic soil conditioner.
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A cloche keeps plants and soil a tad warmer. Click on pic for more.
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Prepare Beds: Soaking wet and cold soils should be left alone until they warm up and dry out. Grab a handful of soil and if it drips water when squeezed, it’s just too wet. To help warm up cold soils use plastic or a floating row cover or a cloche over top of the soil. Cloches also prevent insects from feasting on vulnerable crops. To learn how to make cloches click on Cloches
Learn How to Prune in Your Garden!
Lawrence is doing a great job pruning his garden.
Pruning is a skill. Take the fear and uncertainty out of pruning and gain confidence with Amanda's supervision and instruction. For more information and to register for an appointment click here.
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February's Arrangement
February 2024
February flowers combine winter heather, helleborus, snowdrops and junipers. For a numbered guide to the specific flower names and for other arrangements go to Monthly Flower Arrangements
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February's Plant of the month
Winter Daphne
Winter daphne flowers when many plants are still sleeping.
Winter daphne flowers are heavenly fragrant.
Variegated winter daphnes have looser growth and larger leaves compared to the species.
Flowers are fragrant little stars clusters.
The flowers are borne at the end of the stems.
Daphnes are twiggy shrubs with compact growth.
Winter daphnes typically grow to 3 feet but spread to 4 feet.
Daphne odora 'Marginata', variegated winter daphne 2
Daphnes make good low hedges.
Daphnes perform well in the right conditions.
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Common Name: winter daphne
Botanical Name: Daphne odora Form: tight, compact round shrub Family: Thymelaeaceae Genus: Daphne Species: odora Cultivar: Aureo-marginata Plant Type: broadleaf evergreen flowering shrub Mature Size: 3 to 4 feet by 2 to 4 feet Origin: Japan & China Hardiness Zone: 7 to 9 Foliage: evergreen, deep green, leathery, glossy, narrow, and up to 4 inches long Flowers: February - April, fragrant, pink, lavender or magenta, four petals, star-shaped Fruit: occasional small red berries Exposure: partial shade Soil: moist, organic loam topped with 3 inches of an organic mulch Uses: borders, foundations, accents, hedge Invasive Tendencies: none Propagation: stem cuttings after flowering Pruning: remove dead growth after flowering Problems: botrytis, aphids, mealybugs, scale Comments: Winter daphnes are the sweet and pretty jewels of the winter garden with their star shaped fragrant blossoms that sit atop neatly rounded plants. Their forest-green glossy foliage is evergreen, so the plant looks good all year long, even without their cute flowers that appear in late winter through early spring. There are numerous types of daphnes, but not all of them don their flowers offseason, except for the aptly named winter daphnes (D. odorata). All daphnes are coveted for their neat and tidy compact rounded forms and evergreen foliage. They have many uses in the garden and because they are condensed well-behaved little shrubs, they are perfect for small hedges. Include them in mixed borders, in foundation plantings around the house, rockeries, raised beds and planters. These coveted little garden gems are desired by many gardeners; however, they are somewhat difficult to grow. They are tender, only hardy to about -12 °C (10 °F). Since they don’t do well in exposed areas where they are subject to cold, winter winds, plant them near the house or other structures. Growing Conditions Daphnes are the princesses of the garden. They are adverse of conditions that are too extreme from sunshine, wet, cold and wind – but they are so adorable they are difficult to resist. And they are not that difficult to grow if they are in the right spot. Morning sun is best and the open dappled shade of a tree such as a Japanese maple. Avoid full afternoon sun. Alternately, they become leggy when they receive too much shade. Soil Requirements Daphnes are not suitable for dry soils. They do best in moist, humus rich loam that drains quickly. Sandy soils are suitable, as long as lots of organic material such as compost, well-rotted manure and SeaSoil have been mixed in. Planting Select a protected area where there is partial shade or dappled shade. Avoid windy areas and full afternoon sun. Amend the soil by mixing in 2 to 4 inches of compost, composted manure and/or SeaSoil. Dig a hole the same depth of the rootball and 3 to 5 times wider. Before planting, gently loosen the plant’s root ball then position it into the hole. The crown of the plant, where the stem joins the roots, should sit at soil level; no deeper nor higher. Firm the soil around the roots and the plant firmly into the soil to avoid air pockets. Water the entire root area and beyond well. Lay 3 inches of an organic mulch on top of the soil around the plant. Water thoroughly every other day for two weeks. Winter Protection Since daphnes have a narrow hardiness range, they benefit from winter mulch. In autumn, pile fall leaves, wood chips or soil on top of their crown (where stems and roots meet). Remove this winter mulch gradually in spring as the weather warms. Overwintering in Cooler Climates To overwinter daphne in USDA growing zones of 6 or less, grow them in containers and overwinter them in protected location where they will receive light, such as a greenhouse or a shed with windows. Cultivars Variegated winter daphne, D. odora 'Aureo-marginata', is an outstanding variegated variety with striped yellow foliage. |
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THE GARDEN WEBSITE INDEX
Click on the links below to be redirected.
for the tropical Gardener
While working in Florida as horticultural consultant, it became apparent that there was a need for a book on tropical shrubs. There are so many wonderful shrubs to choose from, so I wrote a reference book to make the selections easier. Ornamental Tropical Shrubs includes pictures in full colour and information about the plants in point form. So if you live in the tropics and subtropics and need a reference book on tropical shrubs, or you just want to have a look-see click here.
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